Oltin bitiglar – Golden Scripts

The Place of the Or. 2265 “Khamsa” Manuscript in the Visual Representation of Classical Eastern Heritage and the Cultural Philosophy of Nizami Ganjavi (Artificial Intelligence–Based Analysis)

Ferhad Mirzeyev — 2026-07-16

This article presents a comprehensive study of Nizami Ganjavi’s “Khamsa” based on one of the most significant Safavid-period manuscripts,
known as the “Khamsa of Shah Tahmasib”, preserved in the British
Library under the inventory number Or. 2265. The research highlights
Nizami Ganjavi’s role as a prominent thinker and poet formed within the
Azerbaijani cultural milieu.
The study demonstrates that the “Khamsa” is not only a literary
monument but also a multilayered cultural system reflecting the political,
ideological, and philosophical thought of its time. The illuminated
manuscripts produced at the Safavid court functioned as visual means of
expressing these ideas, while the arts of miniature painting and illumination
symbolically conveyed concepts of political legitimacy, spiritual values,
and cosmic order. The miniatures of the Or. 2265 manuscript do not
merely illustrate Nizami’s text; they interpret it and expand its semantic
dimensions.
The article integrates classical approaches from art history and
philology with methods drawn from artificial intelligence and digital
humanities. Digital analyses have enabled an objective examination of
the stylistic features of the miniatures, their color and compositional
structures, as well as the rhythmic and symmetrical organization of
ornamental elements. At the same time, it is emphasized that digital tools
cannot independently interpret historical and cultural contexts, and the
results obtained must be critically assessed by humanities scholars.
The research concludes that the most effective approach to studying
the Or. 2265 “Khamsa” manuscript lies in the synthesis of traditional
scholarly methods and digital technologies. This integrated methodology
enhances academic rigor and underscores the importance of studying
Nizami’s legacy not only as a textual corpus but also as a material and
visual cultural phenomenon. The methodological framework proposed in
this article may be successfully applied to future studies of other classical
manuscripts.

Oltinko‘l bitiktoshlari: eski turkcha so‘zlarning o‘zbek tilida saqlanish holati

G‘aybulla Boboyorov — 2026-07-15

Bugungi kundagi 30dan ortiq turkiy tillar orasida eng ko‘p
tarqalgan tillardan biri o‘laroq o‘zbek tili eski turkcha – O‘rxun-Enasoy
bitiklari tilining meroschilaridan biri sanaladi. O‘zbekcha bir tomondan
eng eski turkcha yozma tilning izdoshi bo‘lsa, ikkinchi tomondan esa
turkiy tillarning 3ta yirik tarmog‘i – qarluq, qipchoq, o‘g‘uzchani o‘zida
birlashtirgan til o‘laroq bilinadi. Bundan deyarli bir yarim ming yillar oldin
yozilgan eski turkcha bitiktoshlarda uchraydigan so‘zlarning ko‘pchiligi
bugungi kunda ham o‘zbekchada saqlanib qolgani kuzatilishi o‘z-o‘zidan
bo‘lmay, bu holat o‘zbek tilining yuqorida aytib o‘tilgan o‘ziga xosliklari
bilan bog‘liqdir. Buni Enasoy (Yenisey) daryosi qirg‘oqlaridan topilayotgan
bitiktoshlar tilida uchraydigan so‘zlarning ko‘pchiligi o‘zbekchada saqlanib
qolgani ham ko‘rsatib turibdi.

Avaz O‘tar qo‘lyozma devonlari tavsifi

Sohiba Madirimova — 2026-07-15

Maqolada 1884–1919-yillarda yashab ijod etgan xorazmlik
ma’rifatparvar shoir – Avaz O‘tarning 3451, 7102 hamda 942 raqamli
qo‘lyozma devonlari izchil tadqiq etilgan. Avaz O‘tar qo‘lyozma devonlari
ilmiy tavsifi xronologik tartibda o‘rganilib, undagi g‘azal, mustazod,
muxammas, murabba’, musaddas, musamman, tarji’band, “Tarji’bandi
xomisa”, soqiynoma, ruboiy, qasida va qit’a janrlari haqida to‘liq ma’lumot
berilgan.
Avaz O‘tar hayoti va ijodi yuzasidan amalga oshirilgan ko‘plab
tadqiqotlar shoir she’rlari badiiyati, an’anaviylik kabi masalalrni qamrab
oladi. Biroq shu kungacha shoir adabiy merosi – she’rlarining mavzu
ko‘lamiga birlamchi manbalar asosida aniqlik kiritilmagan.
Maqolada shoir qo‘lyozma devonlari ilk bor matnshunoslik va
manbashunoslik aspektida oʻrganilgan. Avaz O'tar devonlarning tarkibiy
tuzilishi, hajmi, yozuv xususiyatlari, kotibi, muqova – tashqi tuzilishiga oid
ma’lumotlar taqdim etilgan. Bundan tashqari, G‘. Karimov va N. Qobulov
kabi olimlarning Avaz O‘tar adabiy merosi ko‘lami, mavzu doirasi haqidagi
fikrlariga qo‘lyozma devonlardagi she’rlar asosida aniqlik kiritilgan

Junglarning genezisi va regional xususiyatlari: adabiy to‘plamdan fatvolar majmuyiga qadar

Saidakbar Muhammadaminov — 2026-07-15

Mazkur maqolada islom qo‘lyozma merosida keng tarqalgan jung
to‘plamlari tadqiq etilgan. Ushbu atamaning lug‘aviy va istilohiy ma’nolarini
yoritish maqsadida o‘rta asrlardan to hozirgi kungacha yaratilgan lug‘atlar
tahlil qilingan. Bu turkumga mansub qo‘lyozma to‘plamlarning geografik
tarqalishi hamda o‘ziga xos xususiyatlari dunyo qo‘lyozma fondlaridagi
kataloglar yordamida o‘rganilib, ularning, asosan, O‘rta Sharq va Kichik
Osiyo hududlarida keng yoyilgani aniqlangan. Jumladan, Eron fondlarida
saqlanayotgan junglarning repertuari ko‘proq forsiy va arab tillaridagi,
nisbatan kamroq qismi esa turkiy va urdu tillaridagi matnlardan tashkil
topgan bo‘lib, ularda, asosan, adabiy mazmundagi asarlar jamlangan.
Shuningdek, diniy mavzularga bag‘ishlangan kamsonli qo‘lyozma jung
to‘plamlar ham uchraydi. Turkiya fondlaridagi junglar repertuarining
asosiy qismini, ba’zi bir istisnolarni hisobga olmaganda, nazmiy va she’riy
ijod namunalari tashkil etadi. Maqolaning asosiy qismi Markaziy Osiyo
qo‘lyozma jo‘ng to‘plamlariga bag‘ishlangan va ularning tarkibi butunlay
fiqhiy mavzulardagi fatvolar hamda rivoyat hujjatlaridan iborat ekani
ko‘rsatilgan. Mazkur junglar, odatda, qozilar va muftiylar tomonidan
tuzilgan. Jung majmualarini shakllantirishdagi asosiy mezonlardan biri
– ularga amalda bo‘lgan shar’iy hukmlar – masoyili ma’mulani kiritish
bo‘lgan. O‘zbekiston Respublikasi Fanlar akademiyasi Sharqshunoslik
instituti fondida saqlanayotgan bu turkumdagi qo‘lyozmalar Buxoro, Xiva
va Qo‘qon xonliklariga oid bo‘lib, maqolada ularning o‘ziga xos jihatlari
tahlil etilgan.

General Overvıew of 14th-15th Century Kıpchak Dıctıonarıes

Tunzale Ismayilova — 2026-07-16

The linguistic samples containing the Kipchak written heritage
have a very wide and rich scope in Turkology. These linguistic materials
include dictionaries, literary and religious books, and works related to
special fields - translations related to war, horse breeding, and veterinary
medicine. These works, distinguished by their rich content, were created
by prominent linguists of the time at the initiative of the Kipchaks. Thus,
the Kipchaks not only occupied an important place in history, but also
bequeathed to later periods a number of works reflecting the linguistic
landscape of the time with their own Turkic. Among these works, the
Kipchak dictionaries, which constitute the main direction of our research,
were written in Egypt, Syria, and Yemen during the periods when the
Arabic language was dominant. The real conditions created the basis for
writing dictionaries, and the fact that the power was in the hands of the Kipchaks increased the demand for their language to be appreciated. As
is specifically noted in some Kipchak dictionaries, the main purpose of
writing dictionaries was to teach the Turkish language to Arabs

Chig‘аtоy tiligа оid аyrim mulohazalar

Jo‘ra Xudoyberdiyev — 2026-07-15

“Chig‘atoy tili” tushunchasi bugungi o‘zbek tilshunosligidagi “eski
o‘zbek tili”ga muvofiq keladi. Chig‘atoy tiliga xos xususiyatlarini tahlil
qilishga bag‘ishlangan ko‘plab ilmiy tadqiqot ishlari bajarilgan. Bugungi
kunda xorijiy ilmiy doiralarda, xorijda bo‘lib o‘tayotgan konferensiya,
simpozium, seminar va boshqa anjumanlarda – tadqiqotlarda bu masalaga
ko‘p e’tibor qaratiladi, eski o‘zbek tili degan ifoda deyarli qo‘llanilmaydi.
Aksariyat hollarda chig‘atoy tili iborasining qo‘llanishiga guvoh bo‘lamiz.
Xorijdagi “chig‘atoy tili”, “chig‘atoy adabiyoti” nomi bilan bog‘liq
masalalar o‘rganilayotgan ilmiy ishlarda ushbu til va adabiyotning muhim
xususiyatlari imkon doirasida xolis tadqiq etilganligini, to‘g‘ri xulosalar
chiqarilganligini kuzatish mumkin.
Mazkur maqolada “chig‘atoy tili”, “chig‘atoy adabiyoti” bo‘yicha
o‘zbek va xorijlik olimlarniiing ayrim fikr-mulohazalari ilk bora tahlil
qilingan.

Ojiz devoni qoʻlyozmalari tavsifi

Gulzira G‘iyosiddinova — 2026-07-15

Ushbu maqolada XIX asr oxiri – XX asr boshlarida yashab ijod
etgan shoir Xudoybergan oxund – Ojiz hayoti va ijodiga doir ma’lumotlar
berilgan. Bunda, asosan, shoir devoni qo‘lyozmalari izchil tadqiq etilgan.
Ojizning O‘zR FASHI asosiy fondida saqlanayotgan 906/IV, 908/I, 6700
raqamli devon qo‘lyozmalari o‘rganildi. Shoir devoni qo‘lyozmalaridagi
g‘azal, muxammas, musaddas, mustazod, musabba’ va qasidalari haqida
ma’lumotlar berildi.
Ojiz devoni qo‘lyozmalari ilk bor matnshunoslik va manbashunoslik
aspektida oʻrganilib, qoʻlyozmalar tarkibi, hajmi, yozuv xususiyatlari, kotibi,
shu bilan birgalikda, muqova, tashqi tuzilishi haqida ma’lumotlar berildi.
Bundan tashqari, Ojiz devonining tarkibiy tuzilishi, she’rlarning mavzu
koʻlami singari masalalar yoritildi. Shoirning tab'i xud hamda taxmislari,
mulamma’ g‘azallari va boshqa janrlari ilmiy jihatdan o‘rganildi.

“Favoyid ul-kibar” devoni manbalaridagi farqli baytlar xususida

Ozoda Tojiboyeva — 2026-07-15

Alisher Navoiy devonlari atoqli olim Hamid Sulaymonov tomonidan
tayyorlanib, nashrga tayyorlangan edi. Keyingi yillari Alisher Navoiy
asarlarini o‘zida jamlagan kulliyotlardan foydalanish imkoniyati ortgani
bois qiyosiy-matniy tekshirish ishlari ham ortib borilmoqda. Sh sabali
barcha manbalarni qiyoslab o‘rganish, farqli jihatlarni aniqlash, har bir
manbaning ilmdagi qimmatini ko‘rsatishni bugungi ilm taqozo etmoqda.
Mazkur maqolada Alisher Navoiy lirikasi uchun eng ishonchli deb
topilgan, Navoiy qo‘lyozmalari orasida mo‘tabar sanalgan uch kulliyot
– Ravon, Parij va Fotih nusxalari asosida “Favoyid ul-kibar” devonidagi
g‘azallar qiyosiy tekshirilgan. O‘rni almashgan g‘azallarning manbalari,
joriy nashrda berilishi holati va sabablari asoslangan